Graves’ Disease Serum

Human Graves’ Disease Serum for Autoimmune Thyroid Research

Our Graves’ Disease Serum is sourced from IRB-consented donors clinically diagnosed with Graves’ disease. Each sample is processed and frozen within 24 hours of collection to preserve thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid hormones, and cytokines for autoimmune endocrinology research.

Why Serum for Graves’ Disease Research

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease with an unusual and highly informative mechanism: the pathogenic autoantibody is not merely a marker of damage but an agonist. Serum is collected without anticoagulant and is the required matrix for both thyroid autoantibody assays and thyroid function testing.

• A stimulating autoantibody drives the disease — IgG autoantibodies bind the TSH receptor on thyroid follicular cells and activate it, producing unregulated thyroid hormone synthesis independent of pituitary feedback
• The functional consequence is measurable in the same sample — suppressed TSH with elevated free T4 and free T3 confirms the biochemical hyperthyroidism that the autoantibody causes, linking serology directly to phenotype
• Stimulating, blocking, and neutral antibodies coexist — TSH receptor antibodies are functionally heterogeneous, and distinguishing stimulating from blocking activity requires cell-based bioassays performed on serum
• Additional thyroid autoantibodies — anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies are frequently present and overlap with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which is relevant to differential and comparative study design
• Extrathyroidal disease has its own target — thyroid eye disease involves orbital fibroblasts where TSH receptor and IGF-1 receptor signalling interact, the rationale for IGF-1 receptor–directed therapy, making eye-disease stratification biologically meaningful
• Treatment reshapes serology — antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, and thyroidectomy alter both hormone levels and autoantibody titres over time, so treatment status must be specified

Donor Stratification Available

• Thyroid autoantibody status — TSH receptor antibody, anti-thyroperoxidase, and anti-thyroglobulin results reported per lot where measured
• Thyroid function — TSH, free T4, and free T3 where recorded; biochemically hyperthyroid versus treated and euthyroid
• Treatment status — untreated or newly diagnosed, on antithyroid drug therapy, post-radioiodine, or post-thyroidectomy
• Thyroid eye disease — presence, activity, and severity where documented
• Smoking status — recorded where available, given its established association with thyroid eye disease
• Disease duration — new-onset versus long-standing or relapsing disease
• Matched healthy controls available — demographically matched euthyroid healthy donor serum

Product Features

• Collected from clinically confirmed Graves’ disease donors
• Processed and frozen within 24 hours of collection
• Research Use Only (RUO)
• Standard and custom aliquot volumes available
• IRB-approved protocols with documented consent

De-identified Donor Data

• Diagnosis confirmation
• Age, sex assigned at birth, and ethnicity
• Donor-reported allergy, medication, and infectious disease history
• Thyroid function values, autoantibody status, and treatment history available on request

Applications

• TSH receptor autoantibody detection, titration, and bioassay development
• Discrimination of stimulating versus blocking autoantibody activity
• Thyroid hormone and thyroid function assay development and validation
• Anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin assay work
• Thyroid eye disease and IGF-1 receptor pathway research
• Cytokine and inflammatory protein profiling in autoimmune thyroid disease
• Treatment response and relapse-risk biomarker discovery
• Therapeutic candidate screening and validation

Other Graves’ Disease Specimen Types

Matched material from the same Graves’ disease donor pool is available as Graves’ disease plasma, whole blood, PBMC, and leukopak. Related thyroid cohorts include thyroid eye disease whole blood, hyperthyroidism PBMC, and Hashimoto’s disease bulk plasma.

Compliance and Quality Assurance

• IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant protocols
• Electronic informed consent with 21 CFR Part 11 – compliant e-signatures
• Documentation support available for regulatory review

Ordering & Customization

Graves’ disease serum is available in standard and custom volumes. For pricing, international orders, or documentation requirements, please email learnmore@sanguinebio.com to ensure compatibility with your country’s regulations. To browse the full specimen range and healthy-donor controls, see our human serum collection.