Type 1 Diabetes Serum

About Type 1 Diabetes Serum

Human Type 1 Diabetes Serum for Autoimmune and Islet Autoantibody Research

Our Type 1 Diabetes Serum is sourced from IRB-consented donors clinically diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Each sample is processed and frozen within 24 hours of collection to preserve islet autoantibodies, C-peptide, and inflammatory proteins for autoimmune endocrinology research.

Why Serum for Type 1 Diabetes Research

T1D is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease in which insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells are destroyed. The pancreas itself is inaccessible in living donors, so serum carries the two things that can be measured non-invasively: the autoantibody signature that marks the autoimmune process, and the functional readout of how much beta-cell mass remains.

• Islet autoantibodies are the defining serological markers — autoantibodies to GAD65, IA-2, zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), and insulin appear before clinical onset, and the number of distinct specificities is the basis of presymptomatic staging
• Serum is the standard autoantibody matrix — collected without anticoagulant, it avoids the interference that anticoagulants introduce into radiobinding and bridging immunoassay formats used for islet autoantibody detection
• C-peptide quantifies residual beta-cell function — because C-peptide is co-secreted with endogenous insulin and is not present in injected insulin, it distinguishes surviving beta-cell mass from exogenous therapy
• Proinsulin processing reflects beta-cell stress — the proinsulin to C-peptide ratio is an established indicator of secretory stress in the residual beta-cell population
• Autoantibody profile tracks with genetic risk — specificity patterns associate with HLA class II risk haplotypes and with age at onset, which makes serologically characterised cohorts useful for stratification
• Immunotherapy trials read out in serum — disease-modifying approaches aimed at preserving beta-cell function are assessed against C-peptide and autoantibody dynamics, making serum the primary translational matrix

Donor Stratification Available

• Islet autoantibody profile — GAD65, IA-2, ZnT8, and insulin autoantibody results reported per lot where measured
• Disease duration — new-onset within the first year versus long-standing disease
• Residual beta-cell function — C-peptide detectable versus undetectable where measured
• Glycaemic control — HbA1c where recorded
• Age at onset and treatment modality — paediatric versus adult onset; multiple daily injections, insulin pump, or automated delivery with or without continuous glucose monitoring
• Complication and comorbidity status — nephropathy, retinopathy, or coexisting autoimmune disease such as celiac or autoimmune thyroid disease where documented
• Matched healthy controls available — demographically matched non-diabetic healthy donor serum

Product Features

• Collected from clinically confirmed T1D donors
• Processed and frozen within 24 hours of collection
• Research Use Only (RUO)
• Standard and custom aliquot volumes available
• IRB-approved protocols with documented consent

De-identified Donor Data

• Diagnosis confirmation and age at onset
• Age, sex assigned at birth, and ethnicity
• Donor-reported allergy, medication, and infectious disease history
• Autoantibody status, HbA1c, and clinical values available on request

Applications

• Islet autoantibody detection, titration, and multiplex panel development
• Autoantibody assay standardisation and reference material preparation
• C-peptide and proinsulin assay development and beta-cell function research
• Presymptomatic staging and progression biomarker discovery
• Cytokine, chemokine, and inflammatory protein profiling
• Immunotherapy response and beta-cell preservation research
• Proteomic and metabolomic profiling across disease duration
• Therapeutic candidate screening and validation

Other Type 1 Diabetes Specimen Types

Matched material from the same T1D donor pool is available as type 1 diabetes plasma, whole blood, PBMC, and leukopak. Larger volumes are available as type 1 diabetes bulk plasma, and isolated subsets as CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells.

Compliance and Quality Assurance

• IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant protocols
• Electronic informed consent with 21 CFR Part 11 – compliant e-signatures
• Documentation support available for regulatory review

Ordering & Customization

Type 1 diabetes serum is available in standard and custom volumes. For pricing, international orders, or documentation requirements, please email learnmore@sanguinebio.com to ensure compatibility with your country’s regulations. To browse the full specimen range and healthy-donor controls, see our human serum collection.